{"id":741,"date":"2023-11-05T15:48:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-05T15:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/celebritiestest.xyz\/?p=741"},"modified":"2024-11-12T14:19:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T14:19:56","slug":"the-rise-of-international-carbon-taxation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climease.com\/tr\/uluslararasi-karbon-vergilendirmesinin-yukselisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Uluslararas\u0131 Karbon Vergilendirmesinin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n karbondan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir te\u015fvik olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu ve para her \u015feyin ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar sadece tek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm g\u00f6rebildiler: bir karbon vergisi. Ancak bir sorun vard\u0131: ithalattan kaynaklanan sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131. E\u011fer bunlar dahil edilmezse, i\u015fletmeler emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 basit\u00e7e ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131racaklard\u0131 (karbon ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte \u00f6nemsiz olan bu fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn muazzam \u00f6nemini kavramak i\u00e7in bu makale, iklim eylemi ba\u011flam\u0131nda son otuz y\u0131lda iklim bilimi, uluslararas\u0131 politika ve ekonominin karma\u015f\u0131k etkile\u015fimini incelemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca yak\u0131n zamanda uygulamaya konulan <a href=\"https:\/\/climease.com\/tr\/cbam-karbon-sinir-ayarlama-mekani\u0307zmasi-i\u0307ci\u0307n-kapsamli-rehber\/\">Karbon S\u0131n\u0131r Ayarlama Mekanizmas\u0131 (CBAM)<\/a> Avrupa \u0130klim Yasas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6nceki t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakma potansiyeline sahiptir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ger\u00e7ekten de, SKDM'nin benzersiz tasar\u0131m\u0131, k\u00fcresel karbon fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 katalize etme potansiyeline sahiptir ve iklim bilimcilerine g\u00f6re, bizi 2\u00b0C'nin alt\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in en etkili politika arac\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<em>.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>SKDM ger\u00e7ekten de bizim son ama ayn\u0131 zamanda en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc umudumuz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/climease.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Blog-carbon-tax-pic-1-1024x630.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5826\" width=\"1024\" height=\"630\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hasar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00d6l\u00e7me Konusundaki Bilimsel \u00c7abalar<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ancak, Karbonun Sosyal Maliyeti'ni (SCC) tahmin etmek i\u00e7in entegre de\u011ferlendirme modellerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin iklim zararlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcssel do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etme zorlu\u011fu gibi, bir\u00e7ok teknik zorlu\u011fu beraberinde getiriyor. Yine de en b\u00fcy\u00fck belirsizlik, gelecekteki emisyon yolumuzun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezli\u011fiydi. Bu soruya yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.swissre.com\/media\/press-release\/nr-20210422-economics-of-climate-change-risks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130svi\u00e7re Re<\/a>\u00a0, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir reas\u00fcrans \u015firketi, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki senaryolarda k\u00fcresel hasar tahminleri yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><strong>SCC-GSY\u0130H oran\u0131 ile hi\u00e7bir hafifletici eylem olmadan (3,2\u00b0C art\u0131\u015f)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><strong>SCC-GSY\u0130H oran\u0131 ile orta d\u00fczeyde hafifletici eylemlerle (2,6\u00b0C art\u0131\u015f)\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><strong>SCC-GSY\u0130H oran\u0131 ile ek hafifletici eylemlerle (2\u00b0C art\u0131\u015f)\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li><strong>%4 SCC-GSY\u0130H oran\u0131 ile Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedefleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirse (2\u00b0C\u2019nin alt\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>E\u011fer bir karbon vergisi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmse, ne kadar y\u00fcksek olmal\u0131? Bilim insanlar\u0131, bu soruya yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in Karbonun Sosyal Maliyeti (SCC) ad\u0131 verilen bir \u015fey geli\u015ftirdiler. Bu, sald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her ek sera gaz\u0131 biriminin neden oldu\u011fu ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel zarara bir fiyat koyman\u0131n bir yoludur. \u015eu anda, bunu \u00f6l\u00e7menin ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki yolu var: Ya bu emisyonlar\u0131 havadan \u00e7ekmenin ne kadara mal olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, do\u011fal y\u00f6ntemler veya teknoloji kullanarak tahmin ediyorlar ya da iklimle ilgili felaketlerden kaynaklanan zararlar\u0131 toplay\u0131p \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0130lk yakla\u015f\u0131m, a\u011fa\u00e7 dikmek, end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131mdan rejeneratif tar\u0131ma ge\u00e7mek veya Do\u011frudan Hava Karbon Yakalama ve Depolama (DACCS) ve Karbon Yakalama ve Depolama ile Biyoenerji (BECCS) gibi karbon negatif teknolojilerin \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilmesi gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin maliyetlerinden rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcretir. Do\u011fal y\u00f6ntemlerin maliyeti 0,20 ila 50 EUR\/tCO2e aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015firken, teknolojik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler karbon kredisi piyasas\u0131nda 600 EUR\/tCO2e'ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Karbonun Sosyal Maliyeti'ni (SCC) hesaplaman\u0131n ikinci tekni\u011fi entegre de\u011ferlendirme modellerini kullan\u0131r. Bu modeller, altyap\u0131 hasar\u0131, tar\u0131msal k\u0131tl\u0131klar, artan emisyonlar\u0131m\u0131z ve iklim geri besleme d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri gibi endi\u015feleri hesaba katarak CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n gelecekteki etkilerini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac1d0b&amp;lang=de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/a>\u00a0bu modellerin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 uzun vadeli etkileri de\u011ferlendirecek \u015fekilde geni\u015fletti ve ton ba\u015f\u0131na 307 $ gibi bir Karbonun Sosyal Maliyeti (SCC) tahmini ortaya koydu, bu da mevcut emisyon ticareti piyasas\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131yor. Bu artan maliyetin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney'den kaynaklanan zararlardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir (Kikstra ve di\u011ferleri, 2021).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>MIT profes\u00f6r\u00fc Robert S. Pindyck, farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tercih etti. Karbonun Sosyal Maliyeti (SCC) tahminlerini, subjektif kalibrasyonlardan etkilenebilecek modellere kar\u015f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlardan uzmanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine dayand\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih etti.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.mit.edu\/rpindyck\/www\/Papers\/SCCRevisitedJEEM2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/a>\u00a02021 ABD ve AB karbon fiyatland\u0131rma tahminlerinin, CO2e ba\u015f\u0131na 300 $'a kadar \u00e7\u0131kan uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin gerisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu. \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde, bu uzman de\u011ferlendirmeleri, \u00e7o\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir hasar senaryosu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a etkileniyordu. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ortalama tahmin 80 $'a daha yak\u0131n bir de\u011ferde sabitlendi. Dikkate de\u011fer bir \u015fekilde, uzmanlar\u0131n alanlar\u0131 da bir rol oynad\u0131: \u0130klim bilimciler genellikle ekonomistlere (316 $) k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fcksek de\u011ferlemeler (174 $) sundular.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/climease.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Blog-carbon-tax-pic-2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5825\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n KSTM'sinin GSYH'ye oran\u0131 0.27% idi ve emisyon y\u00f6r\u00fcngemiz... ve emisyon y\u00f6r\u00fcngemiz \u015fu anda 3\u00b0C'lik bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Bu da \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Karbonun Sosyal Maliyetinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 kat daha y\u00fcksek olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Olduk\u00e7a \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00d6z\u00fcnde, Karbonun Sosyal Maliyeti (SCC), eylemlerimizin \u00e7evresel ve ekonomik etkilerini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bilimsel bir \u00e7abad\u0131r ve karbon vergisi mevzuat\u0131 ve Emisyon Ticaret Sistemi kurallar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan politika yap\u0131c\u0131lara rehberlik etmelidir. \u0130klim felaketlerinin \u00fcstel do\u011fas\u0131 nedeniyle, bu rakam en k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryoyu da i\u00e7ermelidir; bu da, 300 EUR karbon vergisinin yaln\u0131zca olas\u0131 de\u011fil, mevcut emisyon yolumuz nedeniyle gerekli oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0130klim Politikas\u0131: 30 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Aldat\u0131c\u0131 K\u00fcresel Anla\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1896'da \u0130sve\u00e7li bir bilim insan\u0131 olan Svante Arrhenius, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda k\u00f6m\u00fcr yakman\u0131n, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya neden olacak kadar CO2 salaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez teorile\u015ftirdi. 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda NASA direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. James Hansen'in, NASA sim\u00fclasyonlar\u0131na g\u00f6re iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin sadece ger\u00e7ek ve devam etmekte oldu\u011funu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fck hava de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine neden olacak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu ve kesinlikle insanlardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederek ABD Senatosu'na tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fi ilk siyasi eylem \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapmam\u0131z neredeyse bir as\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/climease.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mask-group-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4823\" width=\"1016\" height=\"650\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>24 Haziran 1988 Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc New York Times'\u0131n man\u015feti.<\/strong><\/h6>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM), H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli'ni (IPCC) kurdu. Bu giri\u015fim, 195 \u00fclkeden bilim insanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyordu ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle ilgili t\u00fcm bilimsel makaleleri toplamak ve \u00fclkelerin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi stratejilerine rehberlik edecek tek ve g\u00fcvenilir bir bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1992'de Rio D\u00fcnya Zirvesi, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya y\u00f6nelik ilk uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fma olan BM\u0130D\u00c7S'nin (UNFCCC) olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve 166 imza ald\u0131. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinden sorumlu oldu\u011fundan, iklim adaleti fikri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkelerin geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere mali destek sa\u011flamas\u0131 beklendi. Ancak, y\u0131ll\u0131k emisyon raporlar\u0131 gerektirmesine ra\u011fmen, BM\u0130D\u00c7S'nin yasal olarak ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir azalt\u0131m hedefi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hareketsizlik durumunda ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1997 Kyoto Protokol\u00fc, BM\u0130D\u00c7S'nin (UNFCCC) ilk revizyonu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve yaln\u0131zca geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in 2008 ile 2012 aras\u0131nda %5'lik bir emisyon azalt\u0131m\u0131 gibi iddial\u0131 bir hedef belirledi. Ancak, etkisi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131. ABD gibi \u00f6nemli k\u00fcresel emisyon sal\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 anla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalamad\u0131 ve emisyonlar\u0131 h\u0131zla artan geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler muaf tutuldu. Bu, Protokol\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki emisyonlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca 'ini kapsamas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ancak, Kyoto yenilik\u00e7i piyasa ara\u00e7lar\u0131 getirdi: az say\u0131daki imzac\u0131 \u00fclkenin kendi karbon fiyatland\u0131rma sistemlerini olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvik sa\u011flayan Uluslararas\u0131 Emisyon Ticareti (IET) ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdeki projelerden karbon kredileri \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan Temiz Kalk\u0131nma Mekanizmas\u0131 (CDM). Kyoto Protokol\u00fc ayr\u0131ca 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa Emisyon Ticaret Sistemi'nin (ETS) do\u011fu\u015funa i\u015faret etti. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, 2008 mali krizi k\u00fcresel dikkati ba\u015fka y\u00f6ne \u00e7ekerek iklim giri\u015fimlerinin ge\u00e7ici olarak duraksamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kyoto Protokol\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lan temelin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen 2016 Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 1,5\u00b0C ile 2\u00b0C aras\u0131nda tutmaya odaklanan daha geni\u015f bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsedi. Bu Anla\u015fmay\u0131 ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellik, kapsay\u0131c\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131yd\u0131; geli\u015fmi\u015flik durumuna bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin emisyon azalt\u0131m\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmeleri zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. Yasal olarak ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 mali ve raporlama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine ra\u011fmen, Anla\u015fma'n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda, 2017'de ABD'nin geri \u00e7ekilmesiyle vurgulanan zorluklar ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Onlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k bilimsel kan\u0131tlar ve diplomatik \u00e7abalara ra\u011fmen, uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7\u0131kmazdayd\u0131. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc taahh\u00fctler umut verici g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu, ancak pek bir \u015fey garanti etmiyordu; yasal olarak ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 anla\u015fmalar ise daha az say\u0131da imzac\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131yordu. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, iklim krizi, k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde h\u00e2l\u00e2 tutarl\u0131 eylemler gerektiren yak\u0131n bir tehdit olarak kalmaya devam etti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Avrupa'n\u0131n Tek Tarafl\u0131 Hamlesi: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0130lk Karbon Vergisi ve SKDM<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Temmuz 2021'de Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Emisyon Ticaret Sistemi'ndeki \u00fccretsiz tahsisatlar\u0131n kademeli olarak kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenleme Mekanizmas\u0131'n\u0131n (SKDM) hayata ge\u00e7irilece\u011fini duyurdu. \u0130lki, en \u00e7ok kirleten sekt\u00f6rlerde kademeli olarak artan bir karbon fiyat\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederken, SKDM ithalat i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapmay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. Bu da AB'nin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir gelecekte fosil yak\u0131tlardan elde edilen enerji t\u00fcketimini durduraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>SKDM'nin spesifik amac\u0131, karbon ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektir. Bu durum, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 karbon vergilerinin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelere ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 durumunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Karbon ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, yaln\u0131zca AB sera gaz\u0131 kayd\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131tmakla kalmaz; emisyonlarda yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bir azalma g\u00f6sterirken, asl\u0131nda CO2 yaln\u0131zca yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olur. Ayr\u0131ca, daha karbon yo\u011fun bir \u00fcretim tesisine ge\u00e7ilmesi nedeniyle toplam emisyonlar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>SKDM'nin en \u00f6nemli fakat gizli sonucu, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeleri karbon fiyatland\u0131rma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya dolayl\u0131 olarak te\u015fvik etmesidir. Asl\u0131nda, d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6denen karbon vergileri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclebilir. Bu, \u00c7in gibi karbon yo\u011fun emtia ticareti yapan ortaklar\u0131n potansiyel vergi gelirlerini Avrupa'ya kapt\u0131rabilecekleri anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu cesur ad\u0131m, AB'nin ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak sonu\u00e7suz kalan \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 m\u00fczakereleri atlatmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kendini ye\u015fil bir el\u00e7i olarak ilan ederken ger\u00e7ek bir k\u00fcresel iklim eylemi ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Strateji \u015fimdiden etkisini g\u00f6sterdi: Japonya, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve Kanada gibi \u00fclkeler benzer politikalar\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyorlar. SKDM, potansiyel korumac\u0131l\u0131k riskleri ve ticaret gerilimleri nedeniyle ele\u015ftiriler alm\u0131\u015f olsa da, AB bu mekanizman\u0131n D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WTO) kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Bu hamle, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k duygularla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131: kimileri i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir k\u00fcresel ekonomiye do\u011fru at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m\u0131 temsil ederken, di\u011ferleri uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerdeki potansiyel tehlikeler ve AB ihracat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcnde azalma olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, AB'nin kademeli karbon fiyat\u0131 ve CBAM, uluslararas\u0131 iklim politikalar\u0131 ve Avrupa'n\u0131n k\u00fcresel bir iklim lideri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kma iradesi \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmaya varmaya y\u00f6nelik bir\u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 \u00e7aban\u0131n sonucudur. Emtia ticaretiyle u\u011fra\u015fan \u00fclkeler, rekabet g\u00fc\u00e7lerini tehlikeye atan ve onlar\u0131 yeni bir karbonsuzla\u015ft\u0131rma yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kmaya zorlayan yeni bir t\u00fcr finansal riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>CO2, art\u0131k finansal bir y\u00fck haline geldi ve d\u00fcnya genelindeki hammadde \u00fcreticileri, karbonsuzla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca hayatta kalman\u0131n tek yolu olarak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u0131zla hareket edip pazar paylar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek zorundalar. AB ETS'sinin fiyat\u0131n\u0131n, SKDM tahsisatlar\u0131n\u0131n da ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmalarla belirlendi\u011fini ve talebin yak\u0131nda tahsis arz\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n muhtemel oldu\u011funu ve bu durumun fiyatlar\u0131 keskin bir \u015fekilde art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamakta fayda var.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Avrupa'daki ithalat \u015firketleri, yaln\u0131zca ciddi bir finansal riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda tedarik\u00e7ilerinin t\u00fcm emisyon yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131 toplama ve raporlama g\u00f6revleriyle de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r: tedarik zincirlerini stratejik olarak yeniden tasarlamak ve nihayetinde daha ucuz ticaret ortaklar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in gerekli veri \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in stresli ancak gerekli bir g\u00f6rev.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3>Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n<p>Bilim insanlar\u0131 1988'den bu yana iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve bunun olas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 konusunda alarm veriyor. Ancak, uluslararas\u0131 siyasi \u00e7abalar emisyon y\u00f6r\u00fcngemizi b\u00fckmekte b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. UNFCCC, Kyoto Protokol\u00fc ve Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 anla\u015fmalar ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlard\u0131, ancak \u00e7o\u011funlukla hen\u00fcz ele al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f bir sorun hakk\u0131nda artan bir fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Temmuz 2021'de AB, 2050 net s\u0131f\u0131r hedefini ve 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 55%'lik bir azalmay\u0131 yasal olarak ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hale getiren Avrupa \u0130klim Yasas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu\u011funda yeni bir umut do\u011fdu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k i\u015fletmeler de kendi net s\u0131f\u0131r hedeflerini belirledi. Tek sorun 2050'nin hala \u00e7ok uzakta olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-e-learning"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.9 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Rise of International Carbon Taxation | Climease<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about The Rise of International Carbon Taxation. 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